Table of Contents
Essential minerals
Eternal peace
Inequality between countries
Climate crisis
Jakarta, hitclubapk3 Indonesia
—
Leaders of member countries
G20
ratified a declaration at a summit in Johannesburg,
South Africa
, Saturday (22/11).
Indonesia was one of the countries taking part in the meeting which was attended by Vice President Gibran Rakabuming Raka.
South Africa chose “Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability” as the theme of its presidency of the G20, which consists of 19 countries and two regional bodies, the European Union and the African Union, and accounts for 85 percent of global GDP.
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Quoted from
AFP
, here are some important points from the declaration from the first G20 summit on the African continent which was boycotted by the United States (US).
Essential minerals
The leaders said they would work to protect the global value of critical minerals from “disruption”, whether caused by geopolitical tensions, unilateral trade measures that do not comply with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, pandemics or natural disasters.
Many countries are intensifying efforts to secure access to these minerals, which are abundant in Africa and critical for the transition to green energy, which is used in a wide range of electronic products, from cellphones to solar panels and electric cars.
China’s dominance in critical mineral supply chains has emerged as an area of increasing concern for other industrialized countries.
The declaration also supports “increased exploration of critical minerals, especially in developing countries” where they say such resources should be a driver of development and added value “rather than simply the export of raw materials”.
Eternal peace
The declaration addresses major ongoing global conflicts by calling for “just, comprehensive and lasting peace” in Ukraine, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the “Occupied Palestinian Territories” based on the UN Charter.
The declaration calls on states to “refrain from the threat or use of force… against the territorial integrity and sovereignty or political independence of any state”.
Although Ukraine is mentioned only once in the 30-page document, Western leaders attending the summit also rushed to respond to a unilateral plan put forward by US President Donald Trump to end the war in Ukraine on terms favorable to Russia.
Inequality between countries
South Africa places the fight against inequality as one of its priorities.President Cyril Ramaphosa provided an expert report on the issue and supported calls to establish an international panel on wealth inequality.
They underscored the “necessity” to address “inequality of wealth and development both within and between countries”.
The leaders also called for efforts to reform the international financial system to help low-income countries overcome their debt, which hampers development and undermines investment in infrastructure, disaster resilience, health services and education.
They called for greater transparency from lenders, including in the private sector, and supported a review of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as well as efforts to set a global minimum tax.
The declaration’s language on taxation of the super-rich was less strict than the previous G20 declaration in Rio de Janeiro, where leaders agreed to ensure the world’s billionaires were “taxed effectively”.
Climate crisis
Approved on the same day as the UN COP30 climate talks in Brazil ended, the declaration acknowledged the need to “rapidly and substantially” increase climate finance “from billions to trillions globally from all sources”.
The declaration highlights inequalities in energy access, particularly in Africa, and calls for increased, reduced risk and diversification of investment for a sustainable energy transition.
The leaders said they would push for the development of early warning systems for communities at risk of climate-related disasters, recognizing that some of those most affected come from least developed countries.
However, the text of the declaration does not mention phasing out the use of fossil fuels.
(fra/afp/fra)
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